Tennis Made Easy :: essays research papers

When surfing the Internet, eventually winding up at lawn tennis4you.com, I found something called the Lesson Lounge which has instructional articles on the game of tennis. My particular article discusses a very life-and-death part of the game, and also a difficult one, the first advert. The reason this drew my attention is because this is a major weakness in my already pathetic tennis repertoire. By reading the article, I hoped to find strategy to learn from, and eventually, with practice, to improve from. In the article, they explain how the first serve can conk out someones biggest weapon making someone elses worst nightmare That, not only can one use a authority serve or a placement serve to attack their oppositenesss, but that working out is not even necessary to do so. The tennis serve can have significantly more power by using legs, shoulder rotation, and stomach muscles during ones motion. They stress that since you have two serves, it is crucial to take a chance and ma ke sure your first serve is NOT easily attackable. From here, they lead into more complicated serving techniques that involve the character of hit- such as the flat, slice, kick, and topspin serves. Although I am not good enough to test them out, through time, they could certainly help someone with an interest in tennis who is willing to practice. After establishing the four types, the writer goes more in depth to differences between power and non-power serves. With power serves, they emphasize the importance of rhythm, significance of keeping your opponent guessing and lastly, the need to hit it in bounds. They continue to say that, obviously, no matter how hard your serve is, it is useless if it cannot land in bounds. As far-off as non-power serves, they speak of smaller players and how technique and mechanisms such as spin. Another main point here is that one must serve deep into the divine service box.

Tennenbaum and Schmidt Reading Note Essay -- Business and Management S

Tennenbaum and Schmidt Reading NoteBackground knowledge In 1938, Lewin and Lippitt proposed classifications of leaders establish on how much involvement leaders placed into task and relationship needs. This range of lead behaviors was expressed along a continuum by Tannenbaum & Schmidt in 1973, ranging from boss-centered (task) to subordinate-centered (relationship). It is a simple model which shows the relationship between the level of freedom that a carriage chooses to give to a team and the level of authority used by the manager.As you can see in the graph, the model allows more than control to themanagers in the begininning making the leadership style moreautocratic, thus the subordinates have slight or nothing to contributein the discussion process.As u move towards the end, the subordinates gain more control, and inthe end the leadership style is more laissez faire leadership, sothe subordinates have much more control over their task.This also follows maslows heirarch y of motivation, as thesubordinates gain responsibility, they work harder for the business.How does it make a good leadership model? As the teams freedom is increased, so the managers authority decreases. This is a positive way for both the team and the manager to improve. When the manager needs less time to spend on the team, he will have more time to spend on other areas such(prenominal) as calculating budget, forecasting, calculate prof...

Essay --

Jodi Picoults My Sisiters Keeper is a well-known and also the best book of the form 2005.It was also nominated for an IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. A novel which touches the heart of thousands people, despite the tragic that the Fitzgeralds family faced in the novel,my babys keeper. It has became and caught the attention of some(prenominal) people. It alerts them of the fearsome happenings that may happen again and Picoult did not want it to repeat this much(prenominal) inhuman behavior again. The novel, Second Glance, has helped Picoult brought up the idea of this novel. In such an advanced technology world, she heard that a couple in America successfully conceived a sibling that is bone marrow match for his older sister who is still under hospitalized. It was , of course, outrageous and negative thoughts start popping and emerged on her mind, she was so concerned about how would both of the siblings perspectives change if the secret ,about why the familiar is in this world, is revealed. She started to feel uneasy and look more profoundly at the family dynamics and how cloning and stem cell research might cause an concern on someones life. This novel has repeatedly mentioned about the bonds between family which also mainly consist of the theme love and disguise. But firstly it was the familys bond which shows the Fitzgeralds Family has been staying ultimately strong and never disassociate into pieces throughout the whole process of the court case, hospitalization and arguments. From starting of the novel, Annas parents went for a test and check to see if they could be part of Kates donor .They are willing to sacrifice themselves to donate either bone marrow or organs to her daughter, Kate to visualise that she will stay alive a... ..., she does not have any valid reason other than saying her rights for her own body to try to knock lot the idea of her mother to hold her sister, Kates life. Anna puts herself up into a very selfish and abominable person that wants everything first for herself than anyone. She told everyone that she does not want any familiarity with her own physical body with Kate which has created a tense conflict in the middle of the story. It shows that the character hide the real intentions to keep away from other people, which creates legion(predicate) misunderstanding issues that might further increase the tension between two parties. Hence, both parties might no longer have trust in distributively other and might also suspect each others behavior. One should learn to avoid hiding secrets from family as they shared the same genes and parenthood with us and they may help us in every great possibility.

Seven Solitudes of Lorsa Lopez and The Spirits Essay -- Comparative, S

The assumed top executive of men has been an issue of gender politics throughout S yet Solitudes of Lorsa Lopez by Sony Labou Tansi and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende. The African and Latin American cultures have become societies vulnerable to traditional biases of women being the weaker race, liable for blame of mens problems. Through their attitudes, physical strengths and abusive behaviors physically, verbally and emotionally, men continue to oppress the women of their societies. Male power has been institutionalized by society, while women continuously combat their socially-accepted roles by using the only weapons to their disposal their voices and sexuality.Estina Benta and Clara try to conform to their own standards of animation by attempting to defy their male spouses. Using the power to voice their opinions and withhold blotto self-confidence, both are able to control the emotions of their male authorities. (Provide context for this quote) Clara walked around l ike a silentshadow. She didnt even look at him. She walked righteousness past him as if he were a piece of furniture. They hadnt resumed sleeping in the same bed (Allende 113). Abstaining from communication and sex, Clara is able to expose Estebans vulnerability and ready her own power and independence.This particular vulnerability that is revealed through Esteban Trueba is the very essence of his eventual deckfall. He felt defeated for the first time in his life (104) (put citation at the end of the sentence) which led to his abusive, possessive behavior towards Clara. He wanted far more than her body he wanted control over that undefined and luminous material that lay within her (96). The necessity of obsessive control over women is the backbone o... ...m as he needed to be loved, even if it meant he had to resort to extreme measures. But he realized that Clara did not belong to him and thatshe probably never would (96).Taking charge using his physical advantage Esteban pulle d her from the bed, dragged her down the hall, pushed her down the stairs, and thrust her into the library (132). Words such as pulled, dragged, pushed and thrust correlate to sexual violence, which is a mans only dominating sign that can keep him in a position of power. However being a strong individual does not mean having physical strength, rather it marrow strong-minded, emotionally stable and the power to speak out all weapons of the women of African and Latin American cultures. Through their words and actions such as sex strikes, their power is illuminated and true equality is found because women are also men (23).

Book Report On The Outsiders Essay -- Essays Papers

Book Report On The OutsidersCharacter AnalysisPonyboy Curtis - Ponyboy is a fourteen-year-old member of a gang called the Greasers. His parents died in a car accident, so he lives alone with his two older brothers, Darry and Soda. He is a good student and athlete, but most people at school day consider him a vagrant like his Greaser friends. Sodapop Curtis - Soda is Ponys handsome, charming older brother. He dropped forbidden of school to work at a bobble station, and does not share his brothers interest in studying and sports. Darrel Curtis - The oldest of the Curtis boys, Darry is also the acknowledged leader of the Greasers. Johnny Cade - Johnny is Ponys closest friend and the gangs pet. They are especially overprotective of him since he is smaller than the rest, his father beats him, and he is afraid to walk the streets alone after being attacked by a group of Socs. Cherry valance - Cherry is from the richer part of town and associates mainly with the Socs, but she befriends Pony and the other Greasers and gives them information about the Socs. Bob Gardner - Bob is Cherrys boyfriend. Johnny murders Bob to stop him from sidesplitting Pony. Dallas Winston - A member of the Greasers, Dally has spent time in prison. He helps Johnny and Pony by telling them to go to Jay Mountain to hide out and by giving them money. Two-Bit Mathews - The Greasers oldest member. He acts like a mentor or mascot to the Greasers. Steve Randle - Sodas best friend and anoth...

Book Report On The Outsiders Essay -- Essays Papers

Book Report On The OutsidersCharacter AnalysisPonyboy Curtis - Ponyboy is a fourteen-year-old member of a gang called the Greasers. His parents died in a cable car accident, so he lives alone with his two older brothers, Darry and Soda. He is a good student and athlete, but most people at school mete out him a vagrant like his Greaser friends. Sodapop Curtis - Soda is Ponys handsome, charming older brother. He dropped out of school to work at a gas station, and does not share his brothers interest in studying and sports. Darrel Curtis - The oldest of the Curtis boys, Darry is also the acknowledged leader of the Greasers. Johnny Cade - Johnny is Ponys closest friend and the gangs pet. They are especially protective of him since he is smaller than the rest, his father beats him, and he is afraid to walk the streets alone after being attacked by a group of Socs. flushed Valance - Cherry is from the richer part of town and associates mainly with the Socs, but she befriends Pony and th e other Greasers and gives them information about the Socs. Bob Gardner - Bob is Cherrys boyfriend. Johnny murders Bob to stop him from killing Pony. Dallas Winston - A member of the Greasers, Dally has spent time in prison. He helps Johnny and Pony by telling them to go to Jay Mountain to hide out and by giving them money. Two-Bit Mathews - The Greasers oldest member. He acts like a mentor or mascot to the Greasers. Steve Randle - Sodas best friend and anoth...

Negative effects of homeschooling Essay

An average day in the life of a 10 year old consists of waking up, eating breakfast, and passing play to give instruction ensueed by coming home to their loving families at the end of the day. Would this routine seem complete without going to school involved? In nearly cases tikeren are not sent to a public school, but taught at home by one of their arouses or both. Without being sent to mingle with peers, the child most defiantly misses out on important skills and lessons one bath only learn while interacting with other people their age. Crucial life lessons, favorable skills, and specific aspects of education can be missed out on as a home schooled child.An important aspect to remember if considering home nurture as an option is that the most successful parents who home school are school teachers and not stay at home moms. Even in this agency there is no way that a one individual teaching system could even go about to compare to the wisdom, intelligence and experience o ne can get in a high school setting. Without the variety of influences from teachers there are a few gaps left in a childs education. With only one influence, they will not have a broad view of the world due to the fact that anything theyve ever learned of heard an credence of is from one person. Isnt education all about learning about all sorts of the view points out there in the real world?In most cases parents may home school their child in order to protect them from the horrible world of peer pressure and bad influences. Although a parent with a child nearing the schooling age would probably think this is a wonderful idea. They most likely do not realize that this is thinking short-run and not considering the long-term negative effects missing out on these experiences may be to a child. In a classroom children learn to follow orders from one who is in charge sitting quietly and doing what their told is very important in ones life. Out on the playground they learn how to social ize with others their age and begin building sturdy friendships with others who share the same interests.The idea of staying at home learning by themselves is obviously not providing a child with any grade of social situation once so ever. Naturally not all school experiences are fun. It is a giving that in a public school there will be taunting and other unfortunate behavior from other kids. Learning on their own how to deal withthese experiences is extremely important in the grown up world. Without knowing how to cope with emotions and never experiencing the real world it could be extremely difficult learning how to handle other people. Going to college and acquire a job would be made more difficult then it has to be.Among all the choices one can make for their kids, why would a parent chose to strip down them of important life skills and a quality education? The idea of going to school is a relevant building block in any persons life. Not being at school learning with peers is missing out on very important aspects of childhood. Getting familiar with the ideas of how the world kit and boodle is necessary to having a successful life. Schools are like a little community for children where they grow, learn and adapt to the many challenges life may put before of them.

Black Psychology

split Among two Different Views of the World But this is my Story Michelle Williams forbidding psychological science Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University filch This is an autobiographical endeavor where I briefly analyzes and interpret significant and impactful events that has transpired over my last 20 ycapitulums in my life from school to my association in Portland, operating theatre. The objective of this act is to connect concepts and the course objectives related to down(p) psychological science which I enrolled in at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) spring 2009 term.The outline for this act is in a chronological age order starting from my birth in 1988 till my current experience at FAMU. The book that is mainly write in this show is the Kobi K. Kambon textbook African/ moody Psychology in American Context An African revolve around Approach along with Joseph Baldwins manakin lectures that I attended. Divided Among two Different Views of the World But this is my Story The opinion that a opaque person is from Portland, Oregon seems to be shocking breeding for certain African-Americans.Once I introduce myself to new friends and professors who never traveled to Portland or were never informed that Black spate live in Oregon. Many atomic number 18 intrigued by this training and support a quest to know more. So to answer that question, yes there are slows who live in Oregon. I am a product of Oregon I, Michelle Williams, was born and raised in the urban community in Portland amongst other African-Americans. One may assume that I had a voiceless time growing up in Oregon.Experiencing discrimination, racism, or identity crisis however, my six blood relations and I never did. Although, I did not experience those types of issues, I infrastood that in Portland, the Black melt was the minority and Europeans were the majority in the race factor. In addition, do not assume that my family occupation only lines in Oregon, on both(prenominal) sides of my family southern root run deep. Therefore, southern traditions, values, morals, beliefs, and customs were inbreeded into my up brings.Without questions, I am an African-American woman from Portland, Oregon however, my geographic region does not square off my filthyness, nor does it determine if I am capable of experiencing hardships like my fellow peers who were raised in Southern states. In my earlier childhood, I resided with my maternal grandmother imputable to my parents abuse to their environment and the use of narcotics. However, my time spent with my grandmother was not in vein, yet filled with years of observing and reading how to uphold tralatitious southern values, which the modern world of psychological science considers the African/ Black Worldviews.In the book, African/ Black Psychology in the American context An African- Centered Approach Kobi K. Kambon explains the contrast between the African/ Black and European Worldv iews. The four components that compose the worldviews are cosmology, ontology, axiology, and epistemology (Kambon, 1998) In the African/ African-American worldviews one are taught to gestate in single/ harmony with nature, survival of the group, sameness whereas the European Worldview have the notion of survival of the fit examination, competiveness, independence, and uniqueness (being different).In my middle childhood my parents redirected their life, and my mother returned to college and obtained her bachelors and masters in Psychology with a minor in Black Studies at Portland State University. While in school she begun to incorporate her findings into her parenting. Although, my mother and I were led by Eurocentric teachings, my family and our surround reinforced the moody/African-American Worldviews in the household. I recall myself adapting to the ideologies and beliefs of those who were not within my own indigenous cultural group.Kambon defines this experience as a baleful child who has been influenced by Eurocentric teachings resulting in Abnormal Unnatural Circumstances. The child has pick outed and identified him or herself as a member of a group that is not indigenous cultural reality (Kambon, 1998). I was able to bounce back to the normal-nature wad, with the help of my Black community friends, and family through our morals and beliefs. I had to stay true to my own cultural reality and not be amongst those who are cultural mis-identified.An example of how I demonstrated supernormal unnatural circumstances was when I accepted the European philosophies and allowed the uninfecteds to dictate and define what was appropriate or correct based off their standards and views on life. By this I allowed the notion that white Barbie dolls are better, rather than the Black China Doll my grandmother purchased for Christmas one year. While in middle school, which is considered my late or pre-adolescence years, I was offered acceptance into the natural en dowment and Gift also known as the TAG course of instruction.The TAG programs honors and congratulates students who demonstrated outstanding abilities or potentials in areas of general intellectual business leader or specialised ability aptitude (Davenport Community School Website). After discovering the truth in the Black Psychology course, I have fill out to the arrangement that this particular program has several flaws that discriminates against the Black race. The black students who excel above the standards set for Blacks are called knowing or talented. In chapter eight it utter that there was both(prenominal) Blacks who scored as soaring as vacuouss on Standard tests of so-called intelligence (i. research on Black gifted children) (Kambon, 1998). The first appearance of the smidgin program passs and supports White Supremacy. The definition the European psychologist use to define intelligence which were examined on Caucasians only was (a) the repertoire of intelle ctual/cognitive skills and intimacy operable to a person at any one period of time, or (b) the aggregate of global capacity of the individual to act purposely, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment (Kambon,1998).The call of a couple of exams that exemplified that one was intelligent were The Alfred Binet and the Binet Test, also known as Intelligence Quotient/ IQ, Charles Spearman with the GS Factor test, and a few others (Kambon, 1998). Robert L. Williams the second depicted object Chairman/ prexy of American of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) (Kambon, 1998), developed a Black cultural specific intelligence test which demonstrated that Blacks could perform superiority to Whites on such a Black cultural based test.The test was called Black Intelligence Test for Cultural Homogeneity formally known as squall. His intelligence test showcased that African-American students were out performing whites by 30 to 50 points (Kambon, 1998). In relations to my acceptance to the TAG program I felt up a sand of being privileged, superior, and connected to the white race in some sense. I belittled my peers who the Europeans and the test scored them as being underachievers. Through my actions I had continued on the European worldviews.The people see the good that the TAG program promotes however, there are down sides and negative characteristics of being called a Talented or Gifted child. In my early adolescence years, I was considered at times a student who could be insubordinate, disrespectful, and disruptive in class. However, my actions were to challenge an question my instructors doctrine about Western History, colonization in Africa, slavery, and anything that focused on the Black race. Now looking back on what transpired in high school I was trying to discover the truth regarding my peoples.I tried to unravel the mess that the Europeans, Western historians, philosophers, and psychologist created. Removing the blind folds that had b een placed over my eyes through the European teachings I was degenerate of receiving the edited, shorten, and beautified story the teachers and academic curriculum spoon-feed me every year during the one month Blacks are allowed to celebrate their history (February). I have pass to accept that knowledge is key and discovered like John Henrik Clarke that, African History/ Negro History are the missing pages of World History (John Henrik Clarke, 1996).In chapter trine of Kambon books, he explains this idea of cultural reality and worldviews construct, and how ones thoughts beliefs, values and actions are not uniquely our own, distinct and separate from those of others, particularly other individuals (Kambon, 119). In todays society we accept as true that Europeans set the standards or dictated/ guide one to believe that their ways of living and doing things are how things ought to be do continues white supremacy.I am now in my third year at FAMU as a nursing major interested in ps ychology, following siblings footsteps of attending a Historical Black University. My journey in the Black Psychology has taught me new things about my personality and where I come from. In my opinion Oregon is a diverse and complex state. I had adopted and balanced the different worldviews. From my secondary education I have come to a new found knowledge about this Black Psychology and its striving for perfection in the Black communities.I have come to understand that my people are from the Southern or African Cradle, which developed onward the Northern or European Cradle a model Diop (Kambon, 1998). I am from the lineage of infamous Pharaohs and Queens such as Narmar, Pharaoh and Queen who whore the red and white crown Hatshepsut (Abarry, 1996). For years information has been orphic and sheltered from my peers and I. non only from the African descendents in Oregon, but from all of the descendents of Africa has that populated the 50 states in America.I have learned that I am a d escendant of enormous Queens and Kings and Africans who were educated, governed themselves, ran a successful economy that was developed in many aspects before the 1500s when Europeans arrived. Ancient Kemit (KMT) and the Maat which is the nucleotide in which the KMT people lived by (Abarry, 1996). I have grown accustomed to both Western and this new psychology called Black Psychology. I am able to observe and fully understand and acknowledge the course objectives in Black Psychology because I have been in the ream of both worlds.My parents were educated and products of the early 60s where there was a large movement on civil rights and black psychologist making a change for the black community. Such as the Pan-African Cultural nationalism movement group who where Black Psychologist who advocate that race and culture are the foundation of African self-identity and psychological sound being (Kambon, 1998). Black psychology has made tremendous accomplishments they have challenged the ideals and ideologies of Western Psychology. Rather than being the blinded test mice used in Western Psychology, Black psychologist has made a mark in Psychology.There has been a creation of Psychology geared to the Blacks. They have developed an impressive editorial journal that comes out every quarter called The Journal of Black Psychology which has been around for about 35 years (Kambon, 1996). The members of the Association of Black Psychologist have overcome many obstacles that have been presented in earlier of them, and will continue to do so for following years to come (Kamon, 1998). I find that my mind was once held captive in a sense, before I entered college under Eurocentric teachings.I upheld the ideas of Eurocentric teachings, yet the status quo has changed in favor for the Black Race, and my cognitive for that matter. In todays society black children are taught by a Eurocentric teaching, where there is a mis-education which manifests itself in the Eurocentric concept ual incarceration (Kambon, 1998). The portrait the European psychologists painted through their views and studies of the black race, personality, mental health, and behavioural problems have not reflected the Black people in anyway. On the contrary it has caused a separation between blacks.Those who believed in changing the psychology world for the black race have succeeded at founding its place and did not allow the standards set by Western Psychology to be the foundation for Black Psychology (Kambon, 1996). Today the blacks can see the great depth of the Eurocentric cultural incarceration that encapsulates African intellectual sense and scholarship. (Kambon,1998). Which has caused a developmental problem of the knowledge of the African/ black race. From the motivation of Francis Cecil Sumner, Herman G. Canady, Robert L. Williams, Marcus Gravey, Nat Turners, W.E. B Dubois, Frances Cress Welsing, and the thousands of members of the Association of Black Psychology, there is a psych ology that focuses on the black community which is not defined by the Western Psychology standards. It is up to students like me to utilize the essential tools from courses like Black Psychology, and turn a deaf ear to the myths and misleading information that the Western Psychology once succeeded at incarcerating. This was my experience from growing up in Portland, Oregon and making a much require journey to Florida A&M University which landed me a seat in Dr.Joseph Baldwin course Black Psychology. References Abarry, S. , Asante, M. ,(1996). African intellectual Heritiage. Philadelphia, PA synagogue Press A Great and Might Walk. Dir. St. Claire Bourne. Perf. Wesley Snipes John Henrik Clarke. 1996. Bourne, C. Westley Snipes (1996) Los Angles Davenport Community School Website. (1998, Aug). Retrieved Mar. 09, 2009, from http//www. davenport. k12. ia. us/curriculum/gifted. asp Kambon, K. (1998). African/ black psychology in the American context an african- pertain approach. Tallaha ssee, Fl Nubian Nation PublicationBlack PsychologyDivided Among two Different Views of the World But this is my Story Michelle Williams Black Psychology Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Abstract This is an autobiographical essay where I briefly analyzes and interpret significant and impactful events that has transpired over my last 20 years in my life from school to my community in Portland, Oregon. The objective of this essay is to connect concepts and the course objectives related to Black Psychology which I enrolled in at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) spring 2009 term.The outline for this essay is in a chronological age order starting from my birth in 1988 till my current experience at FAMU. The book that is mainly referenced in this essay is the Kobi K. Kambon textbook African/ Black Psychology in American Context An African Centered Approach along with Joseph Baldwins class lectures that I attended. Divided Among two Different Views of the World But this is my Story The idea that a black person is from Portland, Oregon seems to be shocking information for certain African-Americans.Once I introduce myself to new friends and professors who never traveled to Portland or were never informed that Black people live in Oregon. Many are intrigued by this information and have a quest to know more. So to answer that question, yes there are blacks who live in Oregon. I am a product of Oregon I, Michelle Williams, was born and raised in the urban community in Portland amongst other African-Americans. One may assume that I had a difficult time growing up in Oregon.Experiencing discrimination, racism, or identity crisis however, my six siblings and I never did. Although, I did not experience those types of issues, I understood that in Portland, the Black race was the minority and Europeans were the majority in the race factor. In addition, do not assume that my family lineage only lines in Oregon, on both sides of my family souther n roots run deep. Therefore, southern traditions, values, morals, beliefs, and customs were inbreeded into my up brings.Without questions, I am an African-American woman from Portland, Oregon however, my geographic region does not define my blackness, nor does it determine if I am capable of experiencing hardships like my fellow peers who were raised in Southern states. In my early childhood, I resided with my maternal grandmother due to my parents abuse to their environment and the use of narcotics. However, my time spent with my grandmother was not in vein, yet filled with years of observing and learning how to uphold traditional southern values, which the modern world of psychology considers the African/ Black Worldviews.In the book, African/ Black Psychology in the American context An African- Centered Approach Kobi K. Kambon explains the difference between the African/ Black and European Worldviews. The four components that compose the worldviews are cosmology, ontology, axiolo gy, and epistemology (Kambon, 1998) In the African/ African-American worldviews one are taught to believe in oneness/ harmony with nature, survival of the group, sameness whereas the European Worldview have the notion of survival of the fittest, competiveness, independence, and uniqueness (being different).In my middle childhood my parents redirected their life, and my mother returned to college and obtained her bachelors and masters in Psychology with a minor in Black Studies at Portland State University. While in school she begun to incorporate her findings into her parenting. Although, my mother and I were led by Eurocentric teachings, my family and our surroundings reinforced the black/African-American Worldviews in the household. I recall myself adapting to the ideologies and beliefs of those who were not within my own indigenous cultural group.Kambon defines this experience as a black child who has been influenced by Eurocentric teachings resulting in Abnormal Unnatural Circum stances. The child has accepted and identified him or herself as a member of a group that is not indigenous cultural reality (Kambon, 1998). I was able to bounce back to the normal-nature circumstances, with the help of my Black community friends, and family through our morals and beliefs. I had to stay true to my own cultural reality and not be amongst those who are cultural mis-identified.An example of how I demonstrated abnormal unnatural circumstances was when I accepted the European philosophies and allowed the whites to dictate and define what was appropriate or correct based off their standards and views on life. By this I allowed the notion that white Barbie dolls are better, rather than the Black China Doll my grandmother purchased for Christmas one year. While in middle school, which is considered my late or pre-adolescence years, I was offered acceptance into the Talent and Gift also known as the TAG program.The TAG programs honors and congratulates students who demonstra ted outstanding abilities or potentials in areas of general intellectual ability or specific ability aptitude (Davenport Community School Website). After discovering the truth in the Black Psychology course, I have come to the understanding that this particular program has several flaws that discriminates against the Black race. The black students who excel above the standards set for Blacks are called Talented or Gifted. In chapter eight it stated that there was some Blacks who scored as high as Whites on Standard tests of so-called intelligence (i. research on Black gifted children) (Kambon, 1998). The foundation of the Tag program continues and supports White Supremacy. The definition the European psychologist use to define intelligence which were examined on Caucasians only was (a) the repertoire of intellectual/cognitive skills and knowledge available to a person at any one period of time, or (b) the aggregate of global capacity of the individual to act purposely, to think rati onally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment (Kambon,1998).The names of a couple of exams that exemplified that one was intelligent were The Alfred Binet and the Binet Test, also known as Intelligence Quotient/ IQ, Charles Spearman with the GS Factor test, and a few others (Kambon, 1998). Robert L. Williams the second National Chairman/ President of American of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) (Kambon, 1998), developed a Black cultural specific intelligence test which demonstrated that Blacks could perform superiority to Whites on such a Black cultural based test.The test was called Black Intelligence Test for Cultural Homogeneity formally known as BITCH. His intelligence test showcased that African-American students were out performing whites by 30 to 50 points (Kambon, 1998). In relations to my acceptance to the TAG program I felt a sense of being privileged, superior, and connected to the white race in some sense. I belittled my peers who the Europeans and the test scored them as being underachievers. Through my actions I had continued on the European worldviews.The people see the good that the TAG program promotes however, there are down sides and negative characteristics of being called a Talented or Gifted child. In my early adolescence years, I was considered at times a student who could be insubordinate, disrespectful, and disruptive in class. However, my actions were to challenge an question my teachers philosophy about Western History, colonization in Africa, slavery, and anything that focused on the Black race. Now looking back on what transpired in high school I was trying to discover the truth regarding my peoples.I tried to unravel the mess that the Europeans, Western historians, philosophers, and psychologist created. Removing the blind folds that had been placed over my eyes through the European teachings I was tired of receiving the edited, shorten, and beautified story the teachers and academic curriculum spoon-feed me every year durin g the one month Blacks are allowed to celebrate their history (February). I have come to accept that knowledge is key and discovered like John Henrik Clarke that, African History/ Negro History are the missing pages of World History (John Henrik Clarke, 1996).In chapter three of Kambon books, he explains this idea of cultural reality and worldviews construct, and how ones thoughts beliefs, values and actions are not uniquely our own, distinct and separate from those of others, particularly other individuals (Kambon, 119). In todays society we accept as true that Europeans set the standards or dictated/ guide one to believe that their ways of living and doing things are how things ought to be done continues white supremacy.I am now in my third year at FAMU as a nursing major interested in psychology, following siblings footsteps of attending a Historical Black University. My journey in the Black Psychology has taught me new things about my personality and where I come from. In my opi nion Oregon is a diverse and complex state. I had adopted and balanced the different worldviews. From my secondary education I have come to a new found knowledge about this Black Psychology and its striving for perfection in the Black communities.I have come to understand that my people are from the Southern or African Cradle, which developed before the Northern or European Cradle a model Diop (Kambon, 1998). I am from the lineage of infamous Pharaohs and Queens such as Narmar, Pharaoh and Queen who whore the red and white crown Hatshepsut (Abarry, 1996). For years information has been hidden and sheltered from my peers and I. Not only from the African descendents in Oregon, but from all of the descendents of Africa has that populated the 50 states in America.I have learned that I am a descendant of great Queens and Kings and Africans who were educated, governed themselves, ran a successful economy that was developed in many aspects before the 1500s when Europeans arrived. Ancient K emit (KMT) and the Maat which is the foundation in which the KMT people lived by (Abarry, 1996). I have grown accustomed to both Western and this new psychology called Black Psychology. I am able to observe and fully understand and acknowledge the course objectives in Black Psychology because I have been in the ream of both worlds.My parents were educated and products of the early 60s where there was a large movement on civil rights and black psychologist making a change for the black community. Such as the Pan-African Cultural nationalism movement group who where Black Psychologist who advocate that race and culture are the foundation of African self-identity and psychological well being (Kambon, 1998). Black psychology has made tremendous accomplishments they have challenged the ideals and ideologies of Western Psychology. Rather than being the blinded test mice used in Western Psychology, Black psychologist has made a mark in Psychology.There has been a creation of Psychology gea red to the Blacks. They have developed an impressive editorial journal that comes out quarterly called The Journal of Black Psychology which has been around for about 35 years (Kambon, 1996). The members of the Association of Black Psychologist have overcome many obstacles that have been presented in front of them, and will continue to do so for following years to come (Kamon, 1998). I find that my mind was once held captive in a sense, before I entered college under Eurocentric teachings.I upheld the ideas of Eurocentric teachings, yet the status quo has changed in favor for the Black Race, and my cognitive for that matter. In todays society black children are taught by a Eurocentric teaching, where there is a mis-education which manifests itself in the Eurocentric conceptual incarceration (Kambon, 1998). The portrait the European psychologists painted through their views and studies of the black race, personality, mental health, and behavioral problems have not reflected the Black people in anyway. On the contrary it has caused a separation between blacks.Those who believed in changing the psychology world for the black race have succeeded at founding its place and did not allow the standards set by Western Psychology to be the foundation for Black Psychology (Kambon, 1996). Today the blacks can see the great depth of the Eurocentric cultural incarceration that encapsulates African intellectual consciousness and scholarship. (Kambon,1998). Which has caused a developmental problem of the knowledge of the African/ black race. From the motivation of Francis Cecil Sumner, Herman G. Canady, Robert L. Williams, Marcus Gravey, Nat Turners, W.E. B Dubois, Frances Cress Welsing, and the thousands of members of the Association of Black Psychology, there is a psychology that focuses on the black community which is not defined by the Western Psychology standards. It is up to students like me to utilize the essential tools from courses like Black Psychology, and turn a deaf ear to the myths and misleading information that the Western Psychology once succeeded at incarcerating. This was my experience from growing up in Portland, Oregon and making a much need journey to Florida A&M University which landed me a seat in Dr.Joseph Baldwin course Black Psychology. References Abarry, S. , Asante, M. ,(1996). African intellectual Heritiage. Philadelphia, PA Temple Press A Great and Might Walk. Dir. St. Claire Bourne. Perf. Wesley Snipes John Henrik Clarke. 1996. Bourne, C. Westley Snipes (1996) Los Angles Davenport Community School Website. (1998, Aug). Retrieved Mar. 09, 2009, from http//www. davenport. k12. ia. us/curriculum/gifted. asp Kambon, K. (1998). African/ black psychology in the american context an african- centered approach. Tallahassee, Fl Nubian Nation Publication

Critical Lens Essay

Fyodor Dostrevsky said, Fear is simply the consequence of every roost. This quote means that you arent afraid of the implement you made but youre scared of the action that are going to be made toward you as a punishment. This quote agreeable because a lot of the time when a person hypocrisys in that respect thinking right then an there, the fear of whats going to happen to you when the truth comes out is what punishes you the most not the actual consequence its self-importance. Fyodor Dostrevskys quote is unvarnished in All-night Part by R.L.Stine and The Crucible by Arthur Miller because in each wok of literature they all have to face the consequences of lying and the fear of their punishment. by dint of Abigail in The Crucible by Arthur Miller she can relate to the quote because she feared what would happen to her if she told Bettys father Reverend Parris what really happened in the woods. So to let off her self from the trouble that would lie ahead for her if she did tell the truth she blamed everything on Tituba. This is evident to the conflict man vs. society because she felt the need to lie to save her self from getting into whatever punishment the town of Salem would set for her which would be something along the lines of being whipped or stoned.This relates to the critical lens because it shows what happens when you fear the consequences of the lie more then the actual lie its self. In All-night party by R.L.Stine the lie that was told from Patrick when he tells his group of friends was that the cut on his hand was really from the disordered window. Patrick can relate to the critical lens because he feared the consequences of his lie which would be him going to jail for killing Cindy. This is similar to the conflict person vs. person because there was a problem between Patrick and Cindy that ended with Patrick killing her. In the end he confesses to his wrongdoing and was put into jail. Fyodor Dostrevsky said, Fear is simply the consequence of every lie I found this quote agreeable because in The Crucible you see what someone would do just to not face there punishment repayable to lying which would be person vs. society. All-night party shows an example what happens when you lie and then tell the truth, which would be person vs. person. Each work of literature has its own nose out of conflict. The Crucibles conflict was Abigail lying about what Betty, Tituba and herself did in the woods. That she blamed on Tituba. In All-night party they deal with the death of their best friend.

The Global Oil and Gas Industry Essay

crude petroleum industry is a truly complicated industry. Oil is in truth valuable and needed in e precise aspect of life. The world economy depends on entirely. This industry has gone through many ch eachenges in history. It began as early as 15th century. During early years, thither were firms that specialized in producing, refining and selling the inunct products. These firms enjoyed monopoly. Later on, states decided to take ownership of the anele fields. The anoint cede chemical chain is still of three trains. There is upstream that is involved with the geographic expedition and yield of crude inunct. There is midstream that is involved with storage and transport of the crude crude. Then there is downriver that is implicated with refining the crude oil into its constituents and then distributing them o the consumers. At wholly these levels, many actors ar involved.The key actors argon the administration and the oil companies. The three of import types of o il companies atomic number 18 the integrated oil companies, the subject field oil companies and the independent companies. Politics has a direct effect on the oil summate chain. Wars in like manner impact the oil industry negatively.Key words Oil Industry, world economy, oil supply chain, actors in the oil industry, politics and war, Oil is a very crucial pick in the world (Inkpen, 2010, 1). Undoubtedly, it is the only re bloodline that runs the world economy fit in to Inkpen (2010, 3). There is no economic activity that would run without it. visualize transporting of goods and services from one place to another. Oil moldiness be available for the transport to take place. Consider the heavy machines that be apply in factories in the process of manufacturing of products for sale. It is a fact that all these machines would stop running in the absence of oil. It is sensible to state that there is nothing that can perch lasting in the absence of oil. In other words, the whol e world would literally come to a standstill without oil. In other words, because of its importance, the entire world is touched by anything that concerns oil. In the oil supply chain, main actors play a lift off. These actors atomic number 18 encountered from the point of oil geographic expedition to the point of oil processing and consumption. They curtail many aspects of the oil. Besides, they make important decisions regarding oil. Their decisions confirm faraway reaching consequences level at the level of the consumer. Historically, oil resource has been subjected to stringent fake by these strong actors. In this paper, the historical background that surrounds actors in the oil supply chain as well as the future of the oil industry is brought to light.History Oil has been used over a longlong time. It started being used in 15th century. Its management has undergone many changes over time. Initially, oil sector all the way from exploration to processing was done pr ivately by companies. Slowly by slowly, the national presidency started getting engaged in the matters of the oil sector and taking a share of ownership of the sector. Presently, national brasss take on taken over the control of oil resource. Oil fields have been human bodyified as sate resource and, therefore, should benefit the government. It is worth noting that the struggle to achieve the principle of state power over the oil resources has not been a simple one. In Mexico, the state managed to take in state ownership of oil fields in 1917. In addition, it was able to gain autonomous control over the same in 1938. The UK prepared an subroutine called Petroleum Act of 1934. It is this Act that provided the guidelines for reclaiming oil resources into state ownership.However, in the US, the process of converting oil fields into state owned resources has been slow. In the recent past, the state allowed private individuals to have absolute control over the oil fields if they we re within their territory. The state only owned what was present in the federal land. Nevertheless, this has changed because as at present, the state has taken over the ownership of oil fields and converted them to state properties. Ownership of oil fields notwithstanding, transport, diffusion and processing of oil has undergone awesome changes. Strong organizations have come up to control the entire supply chain of the oils. In simple terms, production and supply of oil has created a very sophisticated net cultivate. governmental shades also crown the industry. Powerful actors control this fundamental resource. Therefore, oil industry is a very dynamic industry (Inkpen, 2010, 1).Actors in the Oil Industry There are many actors in the oil industry. These actors are responsible for everything that happens in the oil industry. They are in charge of oil exploration, oil excavation, distribution and even refining before reaching the final consumer. It is important to state that th e same actors also are involved in conniption up prices for the oils. They control the sight of supply as well as its reliability. They dominate the upstream, the midstream and the downstream of the supply chain. At the upstream, the activities taking place are exploration and production of the oil. At the midstream level, the main activities taking place are storage and transportation of the oil. The downstream level of the supply chain is characterized by refining of the oil, distribution and consumption. The actors are mainly the states and powerful firms. These actors are powerful and the decisions that they make have far reaching consequences. They complicate the states that exercise their power as landlords of the oil resources in the nations that produce it, as champions and as regulators. They mostly dominate the upstream level of oil supply chain. Firms play a part in the integration of the oil resources. Usually, they are created by the oil producing state or states tha t are main importers of oil. They can also be formed by representatives from several states that share a common element such as oil production. Firms mostly dominate the midstream level of oil supply chain where they exercise their power on the storage and transport of crude oil. They also exercise power at the downstream level where they control refining processes, distribution and prices for the end consumer. In short, the oil supply chain is a very complicated network. This network has brought nations together because of shared common goals. In the subsequent paragraphs, each actor in the oil supply chain is analyzed and its impact in the supply chain assessed.States as oil landlords It has already been stated that national governments are in control of oil resources. These states are especially those which are principle producers of oil. Some of the states that have autonomy in the oil sector are UK, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Mexico among others. These states are interested in generating revenues for the government. They set conditions under which the firms that provide operate within their territory abide to. For instance, in the UK, the national government, through the Crown, issues licenses to firms that are interested in the search and production of oil and gas. The state has absolute power in deciding who to main course the oil resources with regard to domestic and foreign firms. Political dimensions and see to itations have a spacious role to play. The state also gives directions on which resources are available and which should not be accessed. In addition, the state determines the impact of resource extraction to the environment and gives an set aside direction. It has the power to halt a process that has already begun if it is deemed that the negative impact in the environment cannot be controlled. It is also the role of the state to determine what the government stands to gain in any deal with a firm. It also champions local employment. In a nutshell, oil resources in the world within national territories are subjected to national political considerations in that nation. Therefore, oil firms have to contend and sing to the tune of the oil-producing states. Similarly, states that import the oil must create a good sonority with the exporting state in the political sense.States as national champions States also participate in theme Oil Corporations as investors. Most of the top class oil companies are owned by state. These national oil companies dominate the world oil reserves and production. They are involved in determining the volume of oil production by the state. States opted to getting involved in the oil companies in order to make their oil companies have a superior talk terms power outside(a)ly. For example, in the Middle East, the government found it necessary to participate actively in the oil companies in order to survive in the international competition by the international companies. In 1972, Iraq made Iraq oil company a national company. Moreover, OPEC ruled that the governments in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE should have at least(prenominal) 25% share in the oil companies. With time, the shares rose and by around 1980, they were 100% (meaning that the national government had taken over the oil company). These are unsloped a few examples to show how states have decided to dominate the oil sector at all points. As far as exporting is concerned, national oil companies have a greater bargaining power. They can also access a wider market than private companies. Thus, it is to the benefit of the exporting demesne to consider nationalizing oil companies. In addition, states that import oil have national oil companies. Nations like South Korea, India and China have expanded their national oil companies overseas so that they can have access to the oil reserves easily. It is important to note that national oil companies in the importing states have an upper helping hand when it comes to striking deals with the exporting states. Hence, there is every need for these national oil companies. The deals that are struck at the level of national oil companies are very strong. Furthermore, nationalizing oil companies has helped stop unhealthy competitions among the oil companies.States as regulators States also play a role as regulators in the oil sector. They set and impose conditions regarding oil production as well as consumption. It is the duty of the government to check off that oil production does not compromise the environment to the extent that the lives of the people are endangered. For instance, pollution should be kept in check at all cost in the course of production. Furthermore, the rights of the consumer should not be compromised. The government should not tarry passively as consumers get exploited by the business people. Moreover, the state imposes taxation on the oil products hence influencing the prices of these products. This way, the gove rnment can get revenue from the sales of the oil products. Through taxation, the state regulates the rate of oil consumption. The state also sets regulations and conditions that are meant to protect the rights of the workers. This is a fundamental role of any caring government. Its people should be respected. These conditions are imposed on the firms that are operating within the borders of the state. In short, the government sets out conditions on whether a firm testament set out to explore for oil and under which conditions. This influence on the production of oil gives the state an upper hand in as far as its oil resources are concerned. Coupled with political objectives, the state can impose restrictions on the oil companies operating both(prenominal) within the boundaries and overseas. For instance, the US government suspended all dealings with Libya until 2004 over allegations to links to terrorism. Therefore, oil companies in the US could not operate at all in Libya. Simil arly, the US government has restricted any of its companies from dealing with Sudan.The Major Industry PlayersIntegrated Oil Companies Integration is very important in the oil sector. One of its key benefits is to ensure uninterrupted oil supply (Inkpen, 2010, 5). Also integration reduces price fluctuations. The reason for this is that integration helps companies achieve economies of scale and attain geographical diversification. The economy of scale is achieved since there is less competition. Also the market is favorable. In addition, there are fewer fluctuations in prices and this makes the firms stable. They can make better predictions and forecasts in the market. Without the integration, there would be prankish competition that would drive some companies out of market. Geographical diversification is looked at in two aspects. First, the sources of oil are diverse. That means that there are numerous geographical locations where oil is sourced. Integration makes it easy to ac es all the locations. Secondly, the consumers of the oil are diversified in terms of geographical location. Integration makes it easy to reach all these customers. Firms like Exxon, Shell and Total have made their mark in the world. Others are BP, Chevron, ConocoPhilips and ENI. Together, they are referred to as the Seven Sister. They are among the largest worlds companies. They are the largest in terms of both capitalization and array of products that they produce. These firms have direct control at the upstream level and the downstream level of the oil supply chain. They have too much of influence regarding the oil prices. Nationalization of the upstream sectors of oil supply chain curtailed their influence at that level. However, their dominance downstream has not been shaken. Besides these jumbos in the oil industry, state-owned companies also play a part in the network. They are large companies that are involved with the production, refinery and sales. Their strength is mensu ral in terms of the refinery capacity and the volume of sales. These firms are, therefore, critical in the oil supply chain.National Oil Companies These are new in the industry according to Inkpen (2010, 7). They have taken over the oil market and grown in leaps and bounds. They are ranking in top ten in the oil sector. These companies have the support of the government. They are not affected by the local politics. In addition, they are getting priority when it comes to carrying out explorations, production and distribution of oil products in the country. They also enjoy an upper hand in duologues.Upstream independents This is another category of actors that are involved in the oil industry as part of the oil supply chain. They are referred to as upstream independents because they do not own any assets downstream (Inkpen, 2010, 8). They are concentrated at the production level and their work ends there. These actors have helped remove the monopoly of the oil industry giants. In addition, due to their activeness, they have led to increased oil production. They have explored more and more sources of oil. These are actors that are actively involved in exploration of oil in Africa. For example, Tullow Oil is one of the largest oil companies that is independent working in Africa. The US government is strongly encouraging these independent companies to continue with their work because they are helping increase the world oil capacity. With the increase in the oil volume, the prices of the oil products keep on low and the consumer can access it affordably. It is important to state that the independent oil companies are gaining ground so fast at the upstream level. It appears that in the advance future, explorations and production of the oil may be their domain. The consumer will benefit with an increase in the oil production because not only will it be affordable, both frequent oil crisis will be a thing of the past. Oil crisis causes escalation of the prices of all other products even those which are basic for human survival. However, the independent oil companies may not compete favorably with the state-owned companies due to capital restrictions. Nevertheless, their impact is being felt. Their contribution in the oil industry cannot be underestimated.Problems facing the giant oil companies There are two major problems facing the giant oil firms. First, they are finding it difficult to survive in the prevailing conditions. The growing of companies that are owned by the state has been a great blow to them. These companies that are owned by the state are given exclusive rights by the state in terms of exploration and production of oil as well as getting support to carry out downstream activities which include refinery and distribution. They are financially stable. They are not affected adversely by the political objectives. The second problem is that the giant firms are losing grounds to the independent companies oil production. Sin ce these firms had heavily invested in the oil production sector, they are presently running into losses.For any oil company to stand firm in the oil industry, it must have ability to locate new oil reserves. New oil reserves serve to replace the exhausted oil reserves that have been used in the previous production. The ability of the company, whether integrated or independent, to acquire new reserves is a measure of its commercial strength. For the integrated firms, this ability has diminished. The fact that there are restrictions imposed by the states on foreign firms accessing their oil reserves makesit even harder for the integrated oil firms to replace their reserves. If the problem stay ons, it can reach a point that the firms can run out of business. Political dimensions also limit the ability of the integrated firms in acquiring new reserves. It is within the mandateof the state to control the firms activities within its territory. Therefore, state control, coupled with the domestic political atmosphere reduces the ability of the foreign integrated oil firms to grow. These problems are likely to persist into the future and these giant oil firms are likely to surrender.The role of politics in the oil sector Accessing oil reserves in another country is not an easy task. The National Oil Corporations, the integrated firms as well as the independent firm need to negotiate with the state from which they want to access the oil resources. The negotiations are to do with the terms and conditions of the access. Politics is at the core in these negotiations. Economic power of the firm is assessed in order to gauge the negotiation atmosphere. The state that has the resource plays hard to grant access to the foreign firms. Politics surrounds the negotiations. As the states restrict equity participation by firms that are foreign, the integrated firms and the National Oil Corporations are left with no choice but surrender.Oil sector and wars Oil is a very pre cious commodity. It is an expensive commodity by the same measure. The reason why this is so is its scarcity. It is limited to some areas and absent in others. Those that are privileged to have this resource enjoy its benefits. Those that lack it remain to covet. Judging by its value, oil runs the economy of the world. There has been a series of wars intimated to be due to oil resources. In Nigeria, there was a civil war that was threatening to tear the country apart. The reason for the war was emanating from the poor management of the oil resources by this country. Sudan has already class into two nations. Currently, there is South Sudan and Sudan. The split resulted from an unending war due to oil resource that is in the country. Surprisingly, even after the split, the two nations are in quarrels. In Nigeria, the civil war that stone-broke out in 1967 disrupted oil production greatly. The struggle was aimed at forcing Nigeria to acquire equity stakes in the foreign companies, su ch as Shell, that operated in Nigeria. Nigeria has achieved this goal but has not gained absolute control of the operations (Frynas and Mellahi, 2003, 8-11). These are a few illustrations to demonstrate that oil has been the cause of both civil and even international wars.Future of the Oil Industry There are advancements that are taking place in the oil sector. New discoveries of oil reserves are making the sector thrive. However, as many oil reserves become available, the prices of the oil products will be going down. This will benefit the consumers. The producers of the oil will suffer losses due to low prices. It is a bitter truth on the side of the nations that rely on oil but good watchword to the consumers. There are negotiations that are being carried out between states. These negotiations are among the members of OPEC. They are looking for a solution to the decreasing oil prices. One of the options they are thinking of using is decreasing the amount of oil being produced in their countries. However, this is unlikely to happen because not all countries can agree to limit the step of oil produced. In addition, mergers and acquisitions are taking shape in the oil industry (Inkpen, 2010, 15).increased advancements in the technology make exploration and production of oil easier and prompt according to Inkpen (2010, 15). Finally, advent of new and alternative sources on energy may reduce the dependence that is put on the oil as a source of energy. The national oil companies are likely to expand more. As the reserves get exhausted, it is likely to be harder in the future to do exploration (Inkpen, 2010, 17). closing Oil supply chain is a very sophisticated network. Many actors are involved in the activities that regard oil supply chain. The supply chain has three levels which include the upstream, the midstream and the downstream. At each level, there are many actors in charge. For a long time, integrated firms had had absolute control on all the asp ects of the oil sector. Lately, National Oil Corporations that are supported by the states have emerged. These are becoming stronger than the integrated firms in the control of the oil production, refinery and distribution to the consumers. Besides, states have come out strongly to control this valuable commodity. First, the states have emerged as landlords and, therefore, owners of the oil resources. Secondly, they have emerged as the champions in the business taking part in the production and distribution of the oil products through National Oil Corporations. Thirdly, they have come out as regulators of the oil firms. They make conditions to be followed by the firms that work within their boundaries. The future of the oil sector is encouraging as more oil fields are being discovered by independent firms.ReferencesFrynas,J.G., &Mellahi,K. (2003). Political risks as firm-specific (dis)advantages Evidence on transnational oil firms in Nigeria. Thunderbird International Business Revie w.Inken. (2010). The Global Oil and Gas Industry.Bridge-Le Billion.(2012). Oil Capture.Flatau,J. (2007). Supply chain depth psychology of olive oil in Germany. Giessen ZEU.Groznik,A., &Trkman,P. (January 01, 2006 A case study of supply chain management in oil industry.).Iti 2006.. New York.Hull,B. (2002). A structure for supply-chain learning flows and its application to the Alaskan crude oil supply chain. Logistics Information Management.doi10.1108/09576050210412639Laftah,Z., Aziz,T.Z., &Bogle,I.D. (2007).Identifying added value in integrated oil supply chain companies a case study.doi10.1016/S1570-7946(07)80151-9Kaufmann,R.K., Dees,S., & Mann,M. (2009). plane and vertical transmissions in the US oil supply chain. Energy Policy. doi10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.052Source document

Evaluate Articel Modern War Essay

Phillip Gervase is a Principal Lecturer in History at Manchester Metropolitan University. He authored The Anglo-Scots struggles 1513 1550. (33) In his article, Was the American urbane warfare the first Modern War?, he refutes the commonly held belief that the American Civil War was the first modern war. After the Second World War, many military historians concluded that the Confederacys crushing defeat at the hands of the amount of money foretold the afterlife of war. Phillips argues that the Civil war was more like the wars of the 19th century than those that followed it. By the beginning of the war, the rifle could be fired as rapidly as a musket. more historians invite used this observation to prove that the rifle counterchanged the way battles were fought.Artillery was now push through ranged by infantry fire forcing accelerator crews to search for cover in the field. (29) This argument for the rifle is dismissed by Phillips when he cites the research of Paddy Griffith and Brent Nosworthy. These historians conclude that the rifle did not score an important change in war methodology since many battle were fought at the close range of previous musket battles. The entrenched fighting style, which many have compared to World War I, was also discussed as not being an earmark of a modern war. Phillips notes that in 1815 Andrew Jackson defended New Orleans with this method.The technique was taught at West Point Military Academy where both Union and Confederate Generals were educated. Phillips contends that the generals would use this technique to give their mostly volunteer force a disposition of security on the battle field. (30)The detail that the horse was relied on more than the train is an some other draw back to the conclusion that this was a modern war. When Phillips compares the American Civil War to the Crimean War, the American Civil War lacks innovation. The real change from previous wars is in the apparent adoption of a new philosophy of strife the total war.(28) The American Civil War, Phillips decides , can be considered a total war because of the major changes in American society caused by its outcome. The first stage of his argument is that the technological advances of the age did not have a significant impact on the American Civil War. He begins with a discussion of the rifle. He points out that the rifle could be loaded and fired more often than the musket and the rifle drove men out of the formation style fighting and into trenches. He down plays this change in battlefield behavior by pointing out that the firefights were often at close range and the American soldiers were unlikely to take charitable to the rigid, coercive discipline that underpinned the close order tactics of European conscripts.(29)He uses the example of the second battle of Bull Run, where the opposing forces came within 20 meters of individually other, to substantiate this fact. When he notes that the soldiers of this war were differe nt from historic conflicts in that they were mostly volunteers, he dismisses the importance of this new battle technique. Yet the discussion of these elements shows that the American Civil War was fought in a different manner from previous wars. Phillips briefly acknowledges the use of the railroad for moving troops during the American Civil War, but points out that horses were more important. Again surmising that this makes the American Civil War less of a modern war. He then goes on to mention the ironclads, the Virginia and the Monitor. Since neither was a salient warship, they couldnt go far from the coast, Phillips asserts they didnt revolutionize naval combat. Next, he mentions the submarine C.S.S. Hunley which, even though it sunk an enemy ship, is deemed an unimportant technological advance.Finally, he mentions the use of a single machine gun used to guard a fort in Charleston. Phillips dismiss the notion of the American Civil War being the first modern war because the use of these advances pales in comparison to those of the Crimean War. Phillips contends that the American Civil War is not a modern war at all. Although it may be true that the American Civil War was not known for its use of these technological innovations, they did exist, they were used, and they did have an impact on the outcome of the war. The fact that U.S. Navy went on to improve armored ships and submarines shows that the vessels used during the American Civil War were thought to be important and useful. The second half of the article labels the American Civil War a Total War. A total war is an unrestrained form of conflict . and the enemys stinting resources are targeted as readily as the military ones. (28) The argument is based on the Unions war strategy. The Union shifted its concentration from the defeat of the rebel armies to the annihilation of the frugal resources supporting the Southern war effort. President Lincoln demanded the unconditional surrender of the Southern forces. Union Generals Grant and Sherman threatened to slay Southern civilians. General Shermans infamous march to the sea cut a sixty mile wide path of destruction through the South. However, Phillips weakens his argument by cataloging ways in which the American Civil War was not quite a total war. He writes that enemies have always tried to cause each other economic hardships. President Lincolns demand for surrender was not as unconditional as presumed. The article makes the case that Lincoln was willing to negotiate virtually every issue except the continuation of the nation as a union. The strangest argument he makes is that the American Civil War was more cruel than other contemporary wars, but it is not as brutal when it is compared with later wars. Phillips cites Arthur Marwicks idea that a total war acts as an agent of social change which the American Civil War definitely was. It enlarged the federal government allowing it to create national income tax, institute the draft, regulate the economy and suppress civil liberties.(33) Many 20th century historians considered the American Civil War to be the first modern war. Phillips disagrees and argues that the Civil War was not a modern war. He admits that it foreshadowed future war methods but he maintains that it did not make use of technological advances. Phillips writes that the debate whether the civil war is modern should focus on the technology of the season and the philosophy of the war.The technology was not as significant to the outcome of the war. The philosophy of Total War changed the way the war was fought. He states that the rifle, the railroad and the naval achievements of the succession were ineffectual in changing the outcome of the war. Although he concedes that labeling of the American Civil War as a Total War is a break from past conflicts.

A house Divided: Abortion and Slavery in America

In 1856, Lincoln stood out as he opposed the sovereignty dogma and freedom for states to choose whether to continue practicing bondage or free all of their slaves. His assertion was that the country had to make a choice either to continue with slavery or make the slaves free in all states. This was based on the understanding that all the states were bound by one constitution.For the country to stand as one, it had to make a single choice. Today the country is macrocosm faced by the debate of professional personlife and pro-choice. To the pro-choice, the decision to keep or terminate the lie of the unborn child is left on the hands of the mother while the prolife believe the unborn child enjoys the same rights just as any other somebody (Melton, nd). These serious divisions have the potential to split our country along the line of whether to grant the rights to the mother or the unborn child.In both cases, proponents of anti slavery and pro life had and have a moral argument agains t an evil that deprives our society of an obligation to protect the life of the unborn just as we protect the living. It is certain(prenominal) that there cannot be any middle ground in the case relating to abortion. We need either to fully support the pro-choice and continue blatantly killing the helpless young humans who have no power to defend themselves.On the other, hand we can embrace the logic of the pro-lifers and give the unborn children a materialise to enjoy the right to life and other rights later when they see the light in their lives. Just as in the case of slavery, the involvement of our rights should not be allowed to deprive other humans their equal rights. The law should come out straight and define the fact that, ending the life now is no different from ending it later. By then the question of whether we are killing through abortions shall have been answered.ReferencesMelton, B. (nd).A house Divided Abortion and slavery in America. Retrieved on appalling 3, 2010 from http//capitolhillcoffeehouse.com/archives/chch_news_435.htmA House Divided Abortion and Slavery in AmericaIn the article A House Divided Abortion and Slavery in America, the seed draws a parallelism between abortion and slavery. The article notes four premises around which the arguments for both abortion and slavery similarly seethe as advocates of both practices justify their actions.In rejecting the arguments of the pro-slavery and the pro-choice camps on identical grounds, the author admonishes society not to replicate its past mistake.In the first premise, slaves and in utero children are being regarded as properties. Since they are both properties, it is presumed that their owners retain the right to decide what to do about them. Slave owners, therefore, have the right to do whatever they want to do with the slaves that they own and pregnant women should be allowed to decide whether to keep or abort their own fetuses.The second premise involves the economics of the situations, i.e. slave owners, in particular, and the nations economy, in general, profit from the labor of the slaves while women turn to abortion in order to escape the burden of raising a child under conditions of low-spirited poverty especially when the child is unwanted for whatever reason.Third, both the slave owners and the pregnant women argue that their actions are morally acceptable under specific conditions when the slaves accord to their situation and the pregnancy endangers the life of the mother.Finally, both the slave owners and the pregnant women claim that they are only doing what is best for the slaves and the fetuses. In the former case, owners argue that slaves have go bad security if they remain slaves because the owners feed and protect them than when they are freed and left by their lonesome to face the harshness of the world. In the case of the fetus of a short(p) woman, abortion is considered a humanitarian assurance that the child does not experience t he evils of life of poverty.The author rejects all of these premises on the ground that they are one-sided. In other words, only the slave owners and the pregnant women are endowed with the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.The author argues that by denying the same rights to the slaves and the fetuses would be to deny them of their humanity as well. Therefore, the author maintains that both slavery and abortion could not be considered morally right since these practices deny the slaves and the fetuses (who are also considered human beings in the eyes of the law) of their human rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.ReferenceA House Divided Abortion and Slavery in America. Attachment to order 71203674.

Discoverability of Electronic Evidence

Lisa Buehrer Intro to Paralegal Teamwork (Team A) Discoverability of electronic evidence Identify the variant types of electronic evidence, including potential sources of electronic evidence? Computer-generated or electronically recorded information such as emails, voicemails, spreadsheets, word processing documents and other data. What are the advantages of electronic evidence? Once something is entered into the computer, it is saved whether the save button is pushed or not. This is called Metadata.This consists of data that is hidden and kept on the computer like the path, creator, date created, date run short accessed, etc. What are the disadvantages of electronic evidence? The biggest disadvantage to electronic evidence is that it can be tampered with or altered by an individual. Is electronic evidence determinable in Federal Court? In State Courts? Yes What are the special requirements to be followed when dealing with electronic evidence that a part wants to use as evidence d uring litigation?You need to make sure that you have obtained an exact image copy of the electronic evidence and make sure you can install that it hasnt been tampered with or changed from the time you obtained it. What is the final team consensus as to whether electronic evidence should be freely discoverable and admissible in litigation? I believe that electronic evidence is a must in the times that we live in as long as the chain of custody has been done. As long as the chain of custody is followed there is never going to be a question as to the validity of the evidence.

Management of Creativity Essay

Bolman and Deal in their renowned Four poser Approach declared that leaders all over the world tend to exhibit behaviour that fits in with one (of the 4) leaders models (or frame give-up the ghosts) suggested by them. These quatern models they christened as geomorphological, Political, Symbolic and Human Resource. Bolman and Deal suggest that of these models tycoon prove either a success or a failure depending on the specialized plaza in which it is being used, particularly in the context of West End Musical theatre of Cambridge Theatre.In the following section, we take a closer look at three of these models. 1) The Structural Framework In a successful condition, a leader following this leadership model provide be a social architect who relies deeply on close inspection and detailed planning. These leaders testament slim on factors such(prenominal) as structure, stratagem, setting, execution, trailing and adjustment. If however, his/her condition is un satisfactory for this sort of leadership he/she will be remove up to be a bit of a bully and a tyrant for details.2) The Political Framework In the appropriate setting the Political leader is an activist who tirelessly campaigns to wait on his followers cooperate and unite. Such leaders clearly spell appear their needs and the means by which they intend to gain them. They are quick to gauge the distribution of capacity of the workers under him/her and the interests his/her establishment is promising to milk out of them. Building relations with the stakeholders will always be their first priority. For this, they will be likely to use persuasion and later negotiation or even a certain come up of force or pressure, if required.Of course, if the setting is unsuitable for this particular variety of leadership such leaders will prove grave failures and be seen as pushy and unscrupulous. 3) The Human Resource Framework In a successful leadership setting a Human Resource leader is a medium or a channel who serves as supporter or a promoter and whose main occupation is to serve well empowerment. A typical Human Resource leaders primary characteristic is his/her tremendous notion in people. However, it is not just their faith that ultimately makes them successful instead, it is their capacity to communicate that faith.Such a leader is easily accessible and believes in observeing themselves available and in full view. They communicate their confidence in their workers strongly enough to convince them of their own capacities They believe in increasing each staff-members voice to the decision making process and in keeping their employees thoroughly informed. They empower their workforce and make them work as a whole, as a full-functional team where everyone is capable of making significant contributions.If the setting is, however not right for this variety of leadership such a leader will be found to be deceitful and deceptive. He/she may also be thought to abdicate from his duti es and leave internal decision in the hands of less-experienced people who are not in any(prenominal) position to make important woofs. (King, 2006) As if every successful leader comes to understand with date and experience no one, leadership model is adequately effective in all emplacements. Therefore, leaders often use various combinations of the four different models.In addition, it is also made quite clear that neither of these models is universally legitimate in all situations and thus the style of leadership to be followed is largely dependant on the specific situation in which it is being applied. Take for instance the specific situation we puddle in hand. Given the major(ip) presidencyal modification that EEST is likely to undergo after its purchase by Oust a Structural leader rather than a purely visionary one will be to a greater extent suitable for it. This is because Structural Leadership lays great amount of emphasis on building. to a lower place the circumstan ces, EEST is in a great deal need of this sort of structuring.Given the red-hot employees and the burden of the old tasks of up gradation, EEST needs new strategies, new methodologies, new approaches and a completely new plan. A Structural Leader is capable of providing this better than others provide. Under the circumstances, the Director of Order Fulfilment Applications in the Information Technology department must therefore keep in mind that his/her, department (and Organization) is in dire need of details that will allow it a new definition. As the leader the Director has the specific duty of providing these specific details, as of now.With time as the sudden changes settle down and normality is established again, the Director may want to gimmick his/her guardianship to the level of growth and use Human Resource methods to step up progress. (Lamb, 2004) Despite our choice of one particular style of leadership, even during times of crisis (such as an organizational overhaul), we must keep in mind that no one leadership model can be our sole key to success. Our managerial capacities are proved only by means of our ability to combine and amalgamate various styles in order to obtain the results we are keen on achieving.For this, it is important for us to understand and tabulate our specific requirements and desired outcome before everything else. It is also of some value to understand our own selves and find out what our personal style of leadership is. Often our own unique approach, though theoretically quite distant in a given situation, can prove to be a real savoir. As it is faux that Cambridge Theatre lacked a proper form of leadership, it can be stated that with the help of these models it could have been more successful during its early days.It can well be stated that Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals under the aspects of Management principals can be defined as the art of creating industrial relations of an y kind. This is amid people engaged in the industry, such as relation between employers and employees, relation between individuals entering into commercial contracts, relation between investors etc, in order to maintain true cooperation of all concerned along with motivating the entire deal into a positive favour.Efficiency of the Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals lies in not only making the employees to work, but to make them work willingly, sincerely and consciously, by employing new knowledge, new methods, new designs, new machines and novel techniques of production and by allaying mistrust and antagonism. The Leadership goal takes account of a several activities, and the most important among them is making a decision what staffing requirements one have and whether to use autonomous contractors or take into service employees to meet these needs.This is in accordance to appointing and training the sharp employees, making sure that they are better performers, handling performance related problems, and ensuring that the human resources and administrational practices do the accepted thing to various set of laws. Wright indicated in his book, The Moral Animal why we are the way we are, that a fundamental supposition of Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals approaches.It is that the whole staffs of the organization including both the management and the workers equally contributes to the common purpose, share the common objective and have full attention in progress of the organization. The Leadership policies and ideals undergo constant changes due to influence of some basic factors such as domestic and international competition, changes in the social structure and developments in technology etc. (Wright, 2000)

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness Essay

Consider how Shakespeargon presents fierceness in the scam and explain whether you think it does illustrate how, something is dirty in the state of Denmark. One of the main(prenominal) themes in critical point is that of imbecility. Shakespeargon conveys stupidity through non only settlement but through former(a) characters as well, such(prenominal) as Ophelia, to covey that that the state of Denmark is rotten. At the beginning of the play, the first thing introduced are the night watchmen ruleing the suggestion.This is at the beginning because it is the first regular(a)t in the chain that eventually leads to crossroads seeking revenge for his fathers final stage. Although he was upset by his fathers oddment and his m new(prenominal)s oerhasty marriage, it was the revelation that his father was murdered that he thinks that he must happen upon revenge. When Horatio first speaks to the ghost he recognises that it is unnatural for it to be in that location What art tho u that unsurpst this clock of night, illustrating that he feels that the ghost has wrongfully seized the night.The atmosphere is unsettling and the ghosts unnatural appearance is a sign of the bad things going on in Denmark, especially the court This bodes some strange hit to our state. During the times that the play was written, unusual things that happened were seen as a sign that something was not right in the courts Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. This could be referring either to the whole of Denmark, or just the courts.It is after small town sees the ghost that he decides that he leave al unmatched pretend to be mad put an antic disposition on, but he does not want his friends to tell anyone what they withdraw seen or that he is feigning madness Never call known what you have seen tonight, as he believes that this carriage he stooge find means to exact his revenge on Claudius for killing his father And thy com troopsdment all only shall live within the b ook and volume of my brain, meaning that all he shall have in his thoughts is how the ghost of his father told him to exact revenge on Claudius. This is the first step in the theme of madness for the play.Although juncture clearly says that he will be putting on his madness, it is uncertain whether actually he does go mad during the play, as illustrated in his outbursts towards his mother and Ophelia, and the murder of Polonius. There is much deception during the play, such as Claudius trying to gloss over the fact that he knows that his marriage to Gertrude could be seen as incest by the Church and that Hamlet should have been the rightful heir to the sewer Yet so far hath treat fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves. He says that he is trouble and feels that mourning is appropriate for the old king, but he must think of himself, perhaps hinting at the fact that the death was convenient for him and he has had enough of mourning. This is characteristic of him throughout the play as all he has through and will do is for his own self interest, as when Hamlet asks if he can leave the castle, Claudius refuses, construction And we beseech you, bend you to remain here in the cheer and comfort of our eye.He appears to be asking him to stay for his comfort, but he actually wants to keep an eye on him because he knows that he is still a threat to him and the throne. He at first seemed to want Hamlet to become analogous a son to him, but that changes as soon as he realises he could be a threat to him. He overly continually uses the words we, our and us to establish himself as the husband of Gertrude and the pansy of Denmark. Polonius comments with pious action we do sugar oer the devil himself.To which Claudius replies as an aside The prostitutes cheek, beautied with plastering art, is not more ugly to the thing that helps it than is my deed to my most painted word. Claudius admits that he is covering u p the truth, continuing the theme of deception, adding to the audiences awareness of the rottenness of Denmark. As on that point becomes more deception and secrecy throughout the play, it seems that the imagery in the language reflects the deception, and images of disease are apply For the sun breed maggots in a exsanguine dog, being a good kissing carrion.This could be language to refer to how that state of Denmark is rotting, but as well as Hamlets language seems to reflect his exhilaration as he tried to decide what to do about Claudius, and as he gets more queer with himself he becomes more abusive towards his mother and Ophelia You are keen my lord, you are keen. It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge. He is taunting Ophelia development double meaning. Hamlet is very good at creating double meanings, interchangeable when he says to Claudius I am to much ithsun, which he says as if he is in too much sunshine but also he is construction that he feels too mu ch give care Claudiuss son.Later in the play the text says It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, whiles rank corruptness, mining all within, infects unseen. He is saying that corruption, like infection starts within, and the corruption of Denmark will begin with the court. This also links in with madness because madness also starts from within within the mind, and perhaps it is saying that just one unstable mind could bring set down all the state. Another way that Shakespeare presents madness in the play is through Ophelia. She goes mad after Hamlet kills her father, but also because of the way Hamlet treated her cruelly.He verbalise to her that he make loved her, and there were some hints that he had been intimate with her, but he treats her badly and even tells her that he does not love her. She has been a victim of a corrupt society from Hamlet leaving her and from her father, such as using her as a pawn to spy on Hamlet. After she has become mad, she sings many songs. The first one that she sings is, How should I you true love know. This song could be her recalling the death of her father He is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone. This is the first thing that comes into her mind to sing about, so it must be the thing that is foremost in her mind. It could also be that she is recalling how Hamlet is now lost to her, and she is still smell for her true love, because it seems obvious that she has not found him yet. However, the rest of the songs seem to be about Hamlet, as they are about lost love and some of them imply that Ophelia had been sexually intimate with Hamlet Quoth she, before you tumbled me you promised me to connect.It seems that both her father and Hamlet are responsible for Ophelias madness, and this is reiterated by what Ophelia sings about. Ophelia was controlled all the men in her life, and this was customary for the time, but it seems that they took too much of a hold on her, with none of them considering her feeling s, for her father told her to no longer speak to Hamlet as it could affect his career, Laertes also told her to stay away from Hamlet and Hamlet was cruel to her. She also says, after her first song They say the owl was a bakers daughter. This could just be nonsense, but it could also be referring to her father, saying that once she was the daughter of a man in the court, but now she is just the daughter of a dead old man. Polonius did help the corruption in Denmark, such as spying and trying to make sure his own career was safe, and because of him Ophelia is mad. Hamlet also said that he loved Ophelia, and whereas before he was tender, due to the corruption around him and his succumbing to it, he was a factor in Ophelias madness, which eventually led to her suicide.By the actions of people around her, Ophelia is taint by the corruptness around, as Hamlet says in the beginning of the play says that she is pure, but later on says she is wanton like all women, and tells her to a nun nery go. This could be to send her to be protected, or it could be a sarcastic remark telling her to go to a brothel. One of the other reasons that cause Hamlets torment is his indecisiveness. He says during one of his soliloquies O what a rogue and peasant slave am I He is berating himself for not taking action when his father has been murdered, while the player can make himself cry for a fictitious character. He could also be saying that he is not price anything in the court now, as his father is dead, yet he is not king when he should be. When Claudius is attempting to solicit in the Church, Hamlet says that he did not want to kill him until he was sure that he would be sent straight to hell with no hope of being sent to heaven, for example if he was set in incestuous sheets.However, this could have been just another excuse at putting the task off, for he seemed to offer no resistance when Claudius sent him to England. This may not have been his fault, as Claudius shows himsel f throughout the play as being a very manipulative person. He has taken the throne and Gertrude. He has Polonius spying for him, and he also gets Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who are Hamlets friends from school to spy on him and eventually gives a letter to the English King requesting that he murder Hamlet.Perhaps Hamlet is even jealous that Claudius, who he hates, can take such action when he himself cannot. It seems that Claudius is the main source of corruption in the play, and also he is the reason that Hamlet decides to pretend to be mad, for it was Claudius that started off the chain of events, with killing Hamlets father. It was he that murdered Hamlet the king, corrupted Gertrude, encouraged Polonius to spy and eventually murdered which in acquire caused Ophelias madness and Laertess downfall.He is described by Hamlet as a fortunate damni d villain, picturing Claudius as full of deception where he is hiding his evil deeds. This has had an frame on the whole court, and in deed the whole of Denmark, for the text says This heavy-headed revel east and west makes us traduced and taxed of other nations. They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase soil our addition. The Danish are said to be drunks, and later Claudius himself describes them as false Danish dogs, for he believes that they are still only loyal to Hamlet.Hamlet acknowledges all of this corruption, even in the beginning of the play when he says tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature get it merely. Hamlet sees at the very beginning that things are starting to turn bad, and he can feel, like the attendants at the beginning, that something is not right. Hamlet feels surrounded by madness around him, and he feels that the only way he can make sense of all this and to find means for his revenge is to put on an antic disposition and pretend to be mad.This seems to be a reflection of the state around him that something is not right, however towards the end of the play it is unsure whether he has actually gone mad, being affected by his surroundings, for his actions do change dramatically, and although he does not act in the way Ophelia does when she is mad, he is a changed person. in all of the other main characters are corrupted, and Hamlet despises this. One of the reasons that he puts off killing Claudius could be that it goes against what he knows is right.He wished that he would have the strength to avenge his father Now could I drink acerbic blood and do such bitter business as the day would quake to look on. He was born a thinker, but he asks that My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth He wishes that he were able to have passion like the player and act like Fortinbras. Eventually this does happen, as Ophelia comments on O, what a noble mind is here overthrown The courtiers, soldiers, scholars eye, tongue, sword, th forethought and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, thobserved of all obs ervers. Ophelia sees how has changed, and believes that he really has gone mad, for he has changed into what he hated most. He kills Polonius, with no real grief, disregards Ophelias feelings and his mothers, sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths without regret and does in the end kill Laertes and Claudius. However, there still is some of the old Hamlet left in him, for after Ophelia has died he says that he always did love her, so perhaps he shunned her so that he would have a clear mind to be able to think about his revenge.Also he apologised to Laertes before they fight, perhaps seeing something of himself in him, for his father was murdered as was Hamlets. This shows that Hamlet has not yet completely given way to the corruption of Denmark. Just before Hamlet dies, he claims that the throne should be given to Fortinbras. Hamlet admired Fortinbras for his action, and he was quite like Hamlet, his father being killed and he being usurped from the throne.Fortinbras ac cepts the throne and orders that Hamlets body be treated with respect Let quad captains, bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage, for he was likely, had he been put on, to have prove most royal. Fortinbras believes that Hamlet would have been a good king, and perhaps he might have had he have not been corrupted by the state of Denmark. Fortinbras survived, seemingly because he came from outside Denmark, and as did Horatio, not only because he was a good friend to Hamlet, but as Hamlet said There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. Hamlet believed that Horatio was unable to see the corruption that infected Denmark, and because of this he was untainted by it, this perhaps being a reason why Horatio does not die in the play.Bibliography Cambridge School Shakespeare Hamlet by William Shakespeare, edited by Richard Andrews and Rex Gibson. Longman 1988, critical essays, Hamlet The State of Denmark by Alan Gardiner, editors Linda Cookso n and Bryan Loughrey.